Gregory Bateson - Revision history

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Relationship with Other Intellectuals

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=Gregory Bateson=

Gregory Bateson was a prominent British anthropologist, philosopher, and cyberneticist who made significant contributions to a wide range of disciplines, including anthropology, biology, psychology, and communication theory. He was born on May 9, 1904, in Grantchester, Cambridgeshire, England, and passed away on July 4, 1980, in San Francisco, California, United States.

Bateson's academic career began at the University of Cambridge, where he studied biology and later became a research fellow at St. John's College. He was influenced by his father, William Bateson, a distinguished biologist who coined the term "genetics." After completing his doctoral studies in anthropology at Cambridge in 1937, Bateson traveled to New Guinea to conduct fieldwork on the Iatmul people, which resulted in his seminal work, "Naven," published in 1936.

In the 1940s, Bateson became interested in communication theory and cybernetics, which led him to collaborate with Norbert Wiener, the founder of cybernetics. Bateson's contributions to cybernetics included the development of the concept of "feedback" and the idea that information could be considered as a type of "difference that makes a difference." Bateson also applied cybernetic principles to his work in psychology and family therapy, which he referred to as "systems theory."

In the 1950s and 1960s, Bateson's work focused on the study of social and cultural systems, particularly those of the Balinese people. He also collaborated with Margaret Mead, his wife, on studies of communication and social behavior in primates, resulting in the publication of "Steps to an Ecology of Mind" in 1972.

Bateson's contributions to anthropology and related fields have been widely recognized, and he received numerous awards and honors during his lifetime, including the prestigious Balzan Prize for anthropology in 1976. His legacy continues to influence contemporary thinking in anthropology, cybernetics, communication theory, and ecology, among other fields.

==Steps to An Ecology of Mind==

[[File:Steps_to_an_Ecology_of_Mind.jpg|right]]Austin laments at the intellectual laziness of so many trainees. He says, "But they all complain, 'it's soo hard to read' - well, how about stop whining, make a coffee and read the goddamn book. Put some intellectual effort in!"

"Steps to An Ecology of Mind" is a seminal work by the British anthropologist and cyberneticist Gregory Bateson, published in 1972. The book is a collection of essays and lectures that explore Bateson's interdisciplinary approach to understanding the complex relationships between living systems and the environment.

The book is divided into two sections. The first section, "Metalogues," consists of a series of fictional dialogues between Bateson and his daughter, Mary Catherine Bateson, exploring topics such as communication, learning, and ecology. These dialogues serve as a way for Bateson to present his ideas in a more accessible and engaging format.

The second section, "Essays in Ecology," includes more academic essays that delve deeper into the theoretical foundations of Bateson's approach. Topics covered include the role of metaphor in language and thought, the limitations of scientific reductionism, and the importance of understanding patterns and relationships in ecological systems.

One of the key themes of the book is the concept of "ecology of mind," which Bateson defines as the study of the relationships between mental processes and the environment. Bateson argues that human thought and behaviour are shaped by complex interactions between biology, culture, and the environment, and that a deeper understanding of these relationships is necessary to address the pressing ecological and social challenges of our time.

==Relationship with Other Intellectuals==

Gregory Bateson enjoyed a remarkable intellectual rapport with several prominent figures of the 20th century, including Aldous Huxley, Milton Erickson, and others. Bateson's interdisciplinary pursuits and innovative thinking attracted a diverse group of thinkers, fostering a rich exchange of ideas that would go on to shape the intellectual landscape of their time.

Aldous Huxley, a renowned British writer and philosopher, shared a close intellectual relationship with Bateson. Their interactions primarily revolved around the exploration of human consciousness, the nature of reality, and the potential use of psychedelics as a means to expand the mind. Both Huxley and Bateson were profoundly interested in the transformative potential of altered states of consciousness and the role these states played in understanding the human experience. This mutual fascination led to numerous discussions and collaborations on various projects, such as the seminal Macy Conferences on Cybernetics, which aimed to establish a unified framework for understanding the human mind and society.

Milton H. Erickson, an American psychiatrist and pioneer of modern clinical hypnotherapy, had a significant impact on Bateson's thinking. Bateson, along with other scholars like Jay Haley and John Weakland, worked closely with Erickson to explore the therapeutic applications of communication and the use of language patterns in psychotherapy. This collaboration culminated in the formulation of the double-bind theory, which Bateson proposed as a possible explanation for the development of schizophrenia. The double-bind theory posits that individuals suffering from schizophrenia may have experienced conflicting and contradictory communication patterns in their family environment, ultimately leading to confusion and the development of symptoms. Erickson's innovative therapeutic techniques and mastery of communication greatly influenced Bateson's understanding of the role of language in shaping human behaviour.

Bateson's extensive network of intellectual collaborators extended beyond Huxley and Erickson, including notable figures such as Margaret Mead, his former wife and a distinguished anthropologist in her own right, as well as cyberneticists Norbert Wiener and Warren McCulloch. These relationships were instrumental in the development of Bateson's thinking and contributed to the emergence of several groundbreaking concepts, including his theories of schismogenesis, the ecology of mind, and the role of communication in the formation of social systems.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Gregory Bateson was a prominent British anthropologist, philosopher, and cyberneticist who made significant contributions to a wide range of disciplines, including anthropology, biology, psychology, and communication theory. He was born on May 9, 1904, in Grantchester, Cambridgeshire, England, and passed away on July 4, 1980, in San Francisco, California, United States.
+'''Gregory Bateson''' (1904-1980) was an anthropologist and interdisciplinary thinker whose work connected communication, learning, relationships, biology and ecology. His writing is relevant to the study of metaphor because it asks how meaning depends on patterns, distinctions and context.
-Bateson's academic career began at the University of Cambridge, where he studied biology and later became a research fellow at St. John's College. He was influenced by his father, William Bateson, a distinguished biologist who coined the term "genetics." After completing his doctoral studies in anthropology at Cambridge in 1937, Bateson traveled to New Guinea to conduct fieldwork on the Iatmul people, which resulted in his seminal work, "Naven," published in 1936.
+== Life and work ==
-In the 1940s, Bateson became interested in communication theory and cybernetics, which led him to collaborate with Norbert Wiener, the founder of cybernetics. Bateson's contributions to cybernetics included the development of the concept of "feedback" and the idea that information could be considered as a type of "difference that makes a difference." Bateson also applied cybernetic principles to his work in psychology and family therapy, which he referred to as "systems theory."
+He later worked on communication and psychiatry in the United States, participated in the Macy conferences on feedback and circular causation, and studied animal communication. These were overlapping strands of work, rather than a single theory applied unchanged to every subject. His papers, including correspondence, notebooks and work on octopus and cetacean observation, are held at UC Santa Cruz.
-In the 1950s and 1960s, Bateson's work focused on the study of social and cultural systems, particularly those of the Balinese people. He also collaborated with Margaret Mead, his wife, on studies of communication and social behavior in primates, resulting in the publication of "Steps to an Ecology of Mind" in 1972.
+== Steps to an Ecology of Mind ==
-Bateson's contributions to anthropology and related fields have been widely recognized, and he received numerous awards and honors during his lifetime, including the prestigious Balzan Prize for anthropology in 1976. His legacy continues to influence contemporary thinking in anthropology, cybernetics, communication theory, and ecology, among other fields.
+For readers interested in metaphor, the collection offers a way of considering an expression within the relationship and situation in which it occurs. The same action or wording can be understood differently when its context changes. This is useful background to [[Idiomatic, Literal and Figurative Communication|literal, idiomatic and figurative communication]], rather than a dictionary of fixed symbolic meanings.
-== Steps to An Ecology of Mind ==
+== Double binds and communication ==
-[[File:Steps_to_an_Ecology_of_Mind.jpg|right]]Austin laments at the intellectual laziness of so many trainees. He says, "But they all complain, 'it's soo hard to read' - well, how about stop whining, make a coffee and read the goddamn book. Put some intellectual effort in!"
+Bateson, Don D. Jackson, Jay Haley and John Weakland introduced their double-bind hypothesis in the 1956 paper [https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830010402 "Toward a Theory of Schizophrenia"]. The account concerns repeated contradictory messages and constraints on escaping or commenting on the contradiction. It is more specific than an ordinary dilemma or any relationship described through a rope, knot or chain. See [[Ties and Binds]].
-"Steps to An Ecology of Mind" is a seminal work by the British anthropologist and cyberneticist Gregory Bateson, published in 1972. The book is a collection of essays and lectures that explore Bateson's interdisciplinary approach to understanding the complex relationships between living systems and the environment.
+The paper is a historical proposal about schizophrenia, not a diagnosis that can be made from metaphorical language. Current information on schizophrenia describes interacting genetic and environmental factors. [https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/schizophrenia NIMH overview.]
-The book is divided into two sections. The first section, "Metalogues," consists of a series of fictional dialogues between Bateson and his daughter, Mary Catherine Bateson, exploring topics such as communication, learning, and ecology. These dialogues serve as a way for Bateson to present his ideas in a more accessible and engaging format.
+== Selected reading and archives ==
-The second section, "Essays in Ecology," includes more academic essays that delve deeper into the theoretical foundations of Bateson's approach. Topics covered include the role of metaphor in language and thought, the limitations of scientific reductionism, and the importance of understanding patterns and relationships in ecological systems.
+== Related pages ==
+* [[Ties and Binds]]
-One of the key themes of the book is the concept of "ecology of mind," which Bateson defines as the study of the relationships between mental processes and the environment. Bateson argues that human thought and behaviour are shaped by complex interactions between biology, culture, and the environment, and that a deeper understanding of these relationships is necessary to address the pressing ecological and social challenges of our time.
+* [[George Lakoff]]
+* [[Paul Ricoeur]]
-== Relationship with Other Intellectuals ==
+* [[Semiotics]]
 == Browse the library ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:11, 9 September 2026
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−	~~=Gregory Bateson=~~
−
	Gregory Bateson was a prominent British anthropologist, philosopher, and cyberneticist who made significant contributions to a wide range of disciplines, including anthropology, biology, psychology, and communication theory. He was born on May 9, 1904, in Grantchester, Cambridgeshire, England, and passed away on July 4, 1980, in San Francisco, California, United States.		Gregory Bateson was a prominent British anthropologist, philosopher, and cyberneticist who made significant contributions to a wide range of disciplines, including anthropology, biology, psychology, and communication theory. He was born on May 9, 1904, in Grantchester, Cambridgeshire, England, and passed away on July 4, 1980, in San Francisco, California, United States.

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	::'''Gregory Bateson on The Science Network''': [[https://www.edge.org/memberbio/gregory_bateson]] - A profile of Bateson on The Science Network website, featuring a biography, related articles, and interviews with Bateson and other scholars influenced by his work.		::'''Gregory Bateson on The Science Network''': [[https://www.edge.org/memberbio/gregory_bateson]] - A profile of Bateson on The Science Network website, featuring a biography, related articles, and interviews with Bateson and other scholars influenced by his work.
		+
		+	== Browse the library ==
		+	[[:Category:People and authors\|People and authors]]
		+
		+	[[Subject index]] \| [[Stories and literature]] \| [[Special:AllPages\|All articles A-Z]]
		+
		+	[[Category:People and authors]]

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 Bateson's contributions to anthropology and related fields have been widely recognized, and he received numerous awards and honors during his lifetime, including the prestigious Balzan Prize for anthropology in 1976. His legacy continues to influence contemporary thinking in anthropology, cybernetics, communication theory, and ecology, among other fields.
-==Steps to An Ecology of Mind==
+== Steps to An Ecology of Mind ==
 [[File:Steps_to_an_Ecology_of_Mind.jpg|right]]Austin laments at the intellectual laziness of so many trainees. He says, "But they all complain, 'it's soo hard to read' - well, how about stop whining, make a coffee and read the goddamn book. Put some intellectual effort in!"
 "Steps to An Ecology of Mind" is a seminal work by the British anthropologist and cyberneticist Gregory Bateson, published in 1972. The book is a collection of essays and lectures that explore Bateson's interdisciplinary approach to understanding the complex relationships between living systems and the environment.
@@ Line 23: / Line 22: @@
 One of the key themes of the book is the concept of "ecology of mind," which Bateson defines as the study of the relationships between mental processes and the environment. Bateson argues that human thought and behaviour are shaped by complex interactions between biology, culture, and the environment, and that a deeper understanding of these relationships is necessary to address the pressing ecological and social challenges of our time.
-==Relationship with Other Intellectuals==
+== Relationship with Other Intellectuals ==
 Gregory Bateson enjoyed a remarkable intellectual rapport with several prominent figures of the 20th century, including Aldous Huxley, Milton Erickson, and others. Bateson's interdisciplinary pursuits and innovative thinking attracted a diverse group of thinkers, fostering a rich exchange of ideas that would go on to shape the intellectual landscape of their time.
@@ Line 33: / Line 31: @@
 Bateson's extensive network of intellectual collaborators extended beyond Huxley and Erickson, including notable figures such as Margaret Mead, his former wife and a distinguished anthropologist in her own right, as well as cyberneticists Norbert Wiener and Warren McCulloch. These relationships were instrumental in the development of Bateson's thinking and contributed to the emergence of several groundbreaking concepts, including his theories of schismogenesis, the ecology of mind, and the role of communication in the formation of social systems.
-==Selected Publications==
+== Selected Publications ==
 Bateson, G. (1936). Naven: A Survey of the Problems Suggested by a Composite Picture of the Culture of a New Guinea Tribe Drawn from Three Points of View. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
@@ Line 55: / Line 52: @@
 Bateson, G. (1991). A Sacred Unity: Further Steps to an Ecology of Mind. New York: Harper Collins.
-==Online Resources==
+== Online Resources ==
 ::'''The Bateson Idea Group''': [[https://www.batesoninstitute.org]] - An organisation founded by Nora Bateson, Gregory Bateson's daughter, dedicated to promoting her father's ideas and applying them to contemporary issues in ecology, communication, and social change.
 ::'''Gregory Bateson on The Science Network''': [[https://www.edge.org/memberbio/gregory_bateson]] - A profile of Bateson on The Science Network website, featuring a biography, related articles, and interviews with Bateson and other scholars influenced by his work.

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:58, 29 March 2023
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	::'''The Bateson Idea Group''': [[https://www.batesoninstitute.org]] - An organisation founded by Nora Bateson, Gregory Bateson's daughter, dedicated to promoting her father's ideas and applying them to contemporary issues in ecology, communication, and social change.		::'''The Bateson Idea Group''': [[https://www.batesoninstitute.org]] - An organisation founded by Nora Bateson, Gregory Bateson's daughter, dedicated to promoting her father's ideas and applying them to contemporary issues in ecology, communication, and social change.
−
−	::'''Gregory Bateson: Cybernetics and the Social/Behavioral Sciences''': [[https://www.asc-cybernetics.org/foundations/bateson.htm]] - A resource from the American Society for Cybernetics featuring an overview of Bateson's contributions to cybernetics and his impact on the social and behavioural sciences.
−
−	::'''Gregory Bateson Collection at the Library of Congress''': [[https://www.loc.gov/collections/gregory-bateson/about-this-collection/]] - An extensive digital archive of Bateson's personal papers, field notes, photographs, and other materials held at the Library of Congress.

	::'''Gregory Bateson on The Science Network''': [[https://www.edge.org/memberbio/gregory_bateson]] - A profile of Bateson on The Science Network website, featuring a biography, related articles, and interviews with Bateson and other scholars influenced by his work.		::'''Gregory Bateson on The Science Network''': [[https://www.edge.org/memberbio/gregory_bateson]] - A profile of Bateson on The Science Network website, featuring a biography, related articles, and interviews with Bateson and other scholars influenced by his work.
−
−	::'''Gregory Bateson Documentary Project''': [[https://www.lostparadigm.com/]] - An ongoing documentary project by filmmaker and researcher David Berreby, exploring the life and ideas of Gregory Bateson through interviews, archival materials, and contemporary perspectives.

@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 ::'''Gregory Bateson Collection at the Library of Congress''': [[https://www.loc.gov/collections/gregory-bateson/about-this-collection/]] - An extensive digital archive of Bateson's personal papers, field notes, photographs, and other materials held at the Library of Congress.
 ::'''Gregory Bateson on The Science Network''': [[https://www.edge.org/memberbio/gregory_bateson]] - A profile of Bateson on The Science Network website, featuring a biography, related articles, and interviews with Bateson and other scholars influenced by his work.
 ::'''Gregory Bateson Documentary Project''': [[https://www.lostparadigm.com/]] - An ongoing documentary project by filmmaker and researcher David Berreby, exploring the life and ideas of Gregory Bateson through interviews, archival materials, and contemporary perspectives.

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 Gregory Bateson enjoyed a remarkable intellectual rapport with several prominent figures of the 20th century, including Aldous Huxley, Milton Erickson, and others. Bateson's interdisciplinary pursuits and innovative thinking attracted a diverse group of thinkers, fostering a rich exchange of ideas that would go on to shape the intellectual landscape of their time.
-Aldous Huxley, a renowned British writer and philosopher, shared a close intellectual relationship with Bateson. Their interactions primarily revolved around the exploration of human consciousness, the nature of reality, and the potential use of psychedelics as a means to expand the mind. Both Huxley and Bateson were profoundly interested in the transformative potential of altered states of consciousness and the role these states played in understanding the human experience. This mutual fascination led to numerous discussions and collaborations on various projects, such as the seminal Macy Conferences on Cybernetics, which aimed to establish a unified framework for understanding the human mind and society.
+Aldous Huxley, a renowned British writer and philosopher, shared a close intellectual relationship with Bateson. Their interactions primarily revolved around the exploration of human consciousness, the nature of reality, and the potential use of psychedelics as a means to expand the mind. Both Huxley and Bateson were interested in the transformative potential of altered states of consciousness and the role these states played in understanding the human experience. This mutual fascination led to numerous discussions and collaborations on various projects, such as the seminal Macy Conferences on Cybernetics, which aimed to establish a unified framework for understanding the human mind and society.
 Milton H. Erickson, an American psychiatrist and pioneer of modern clinical hypnotherapy, had a significant impact on Bateson's thinking. Bateson, along with other scholars like Jay Haley and John Weakland, worked closely with Erickson to explore the therapeutic applications of communication and the use of language patterns in psychotherapy. This collaboration culminated in the formulation of the double-bind theory, which Bateson proposed as a possible explanation for the development of schizophrenia. The double-bind theory posits that individuals suffering from schizophrenia may have experienced conflicting and contradictory communication patterns in their family environment, ultimately leading to confusion and the development of symptoms. Erickson's innovative therapeutic techniques and mastery of communication greatly influenced Bateson's understanding of the role of language in shaping human behaviour.

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:52, 29 March 2023
Line 58:		Line 58:

	::'''The Bateson Idea Group''': [[https://www.batesoninstitute.org]] - An organisation founded by Nora Bateson, Gregory Bateson's daughter, dedicated to promoting her father's ideas and applying them to contemporary issues in ecology, communication, and social change.		::'''The Bateson Idea Group''': [[https://www.batesoninstitute.org]] - An organisation founded by Nora Bateson, Gregory Bateson's daughter, dedicated to promoting her father's ideas and applying them to contemporary issues in ecology, communication, and social change.
−
−	::'''The Ecology of Mind: A Tribute to Gregory Bateson''': [[https://www.oikos.org/ecology.htm]] - A comprehensive resource that provides an overview of Bateson's work and ideas, with links to articles, book excerpts, and interviews.

	::'''Gregory Bateson: Cybernetics and the Social/Behavioral Sciences''': [[https://www.asc-cybernetics.org/foundations/bateson.htm]] - A resource from the American Society for Cybernetics featuring an overview of Bateson's contributions to cybernetics and his impact on the social and behavioural sciences.		::'''Gregory Bateson: Cybernetics and the Social/Behavioral Sciences''': [[https://www.asc-cybernetics.org/foundations/bateson.htm]] - A resource from the American Society for Cybernetics featuring an overview of Bateson's contributions to cybernetics and his impact on the social and behavioural sciences.

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:51, 29 March 2023
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	Bateson's extensive network of intellectual collaborators extended beyond Huxley and Erickson, including notable figures such as Margaret Mead, his former wife and a distinguished anthropologist in her own right, as well as cyberneticists Norbert Wiener and Warren McCulloch. These relationships were instrumental in the development of Bateson's thinking and contributed to the emergence of several groundbreaking concepts, including his theories of schismogenesis, the ecology of mind, and the role of communication in the formation of social systems.		Bateson's extensive network of intellectual collaborators extended beyond Huxley and Erickson, including notable figures such as Margaret Mead, his former wife and a distinguished anthropologist in her own right, as well as cyberneticists Norbert Wiener and Warren McCulloch. These relationships were instrumental in the development of Bateson's thinking and contributed to the emergence of several groundbreaking concepts, including his theories of schismogenesis, the ecology of mind, and the role of communication in the formation of social systems.
		+
		+	==Selected Publications==
		+
		+	Bateson, G. (1936). Naven: A Survey of the Problems Suggested by a Composite Picture of the Culture of a New Guinea Tribe Drawn from Three Points of View. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
		+
		+	Bateson, G., & Mead, M. (1942). Balinese Character: A Photographic Analysis. New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
		+
		+	Bateson, G. (1951). "Information and Codification: A Philosophical Approach," in J.R. Newman (ed.), The World of Mathematics, Volume 4. New York: Simon and Schuster, pp. 2328-2333.
		+
		+	Bateson, G. (1958). "The Role of Somatic Change in Evolution," in Evolution, 12(4), pp. 391-399.
		+
		+	Bateson, G., Jackson, D.D., Haley, J., & Weakland, J. (1956). "Towards a Theory of Schizophrenia," in Behavioural Science, 1(4), pp. 251-264.
		+
		+	Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
		+
		+	Bateson, G., & Ruesch, J. (1951). Communication: The Social Matrix of Psychiatry. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
		+
		+	Bateson, G. (1979). Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity. New York: E.P. Dutton.
		+
		+	Bateson, G., & Bateson, M.C. (1987). Angels Fear: Towards an Epistemology of the Sacred. New York: Macmillan.
		+
		+	Bateson, G. (1991). A Sacred Unity: Further Steps to an Ecology of Mind. New York: Harper Collins.
		+
		+	==Online Resources==
		+
		+	::'''The Bateson Idea Group''': [[https://www.batesoninstitute.org]] - An organisation founded by Nora Bateson, Gregory Bateson's daughter, dedicated to promoting her father's ideas and applying them to contemporary issues in ecology, communication, and social change.
		+
		+	::'''The Ecology of Mind: A Tribute to Gregory Bateson''': [[https://www.oikos.org/ecology.htm]] - A comprehensive resource that provides an overview of Bateson's work and ideas, with links to articles, book excerpts, and interviews.
		+
		+	::'''Gregory Bateson: Cybernetics and the Social/Behavioral Sciences''': [[https://www.asc-cybernetics.org/foundations/bateson.htm]] - A resource from the American Society for Cybernetics featuring an overview of Bateson's contributions to cybernetics and his impact on the social and behavioural sciences.
		+
		+	::'''Gregory Bateson Collection at the Library of Congress''': [[https://www.loc.gov/collections/gregory-bateson/about-this-collection/]] - An extensive digital archive of Bateson's personal papers, field notes, photographs, and other materials held at the Library of Congress.
		+
		+	::'''An Ecology of Ideas: An Interview with Gregory Bateson''': [[https://www.oikos.org/batenint.htm]] - An interview with Bateson conducted by Stewart Brand, originally published in CoEvolution Quarterly in 1976, offering insights into Bateson's thinking and the development of his ideas.
		+
		+	::'''Gregory Bateson on The Science Network''': [[https://www.edge.org/memberbio/gregory_bateson]] - A profile of Bateson on The Science Network website, featuring a biography, related articles, and interviews with Bateson and other scholars influenced by his work.
		+
		+	::'''Gregory Bateson Documentary Project''': [[https://www.lostparadigm.com/]] - An ongoing documentary project by filmmaker and researcher David Berreby, exploring the life and ideas of Gregory Bateson through interviews, archival materials, and contemporary perspectives.