View source for Ice, Snow and Frozen Landscapes

Ice and snow can alter both the appearance of a landscape and the conditions for moving through it. Water may acquire a solid surface, familiar landmarks may be covered and an open route may become blocked by accumulated snow.

Everyday expressions draw on coldness, freezing and thawing to describe relationships, delays and changes of state. Being frozen in place, skating across a surface and sinking into deep snow present different experiences of movement.

== Types and Characteristics ==

* '''Surface ice:''' A frozen layer on water, ground or another surface. Its visible extent does not by itself establish its thickness or strength.
* '''Fresh snow:''' An accumulation of ice crystals with air spaces between them.
* '''Compacted snow:''' Snow whose structure has become denser under pressure or through changing conditions.
* '''Snowdrifts:''' Accumulations redistributed by wind, which can fill hollows or build up against obstacles.
* '''Slush:''' A wet mixture of snow or ice and liquid water.
* '''Glaciers:''' Bodies of ice that form through accumulated snow and move under their own weight.

The National Snow and Ice Data Center explains that snow's structure changes with weather conditions. Air within the snowpack also helps it insulate the ground beneath it. The same covering can therefore obscure a surface while reducing its heat loss. [https://nsidc.org/learn/parts-cryosphere/snow/science-snow National Snow and Ice Data Center: Science of Snow]

== Frozen Material and Movement ==

A glacier provides an example of solid ice in motion. As accumulated snow becomes ice and the mass grows, the ice deforms and flows. Frozen material can therefore move even when its movement is not immediately apparent to an observer. [https://nsidc.org/learn/parts-cryosphere/glaciers/science-glaciers National Snow and Ice Data Center: Science of Glaciers]

In a described landscape, temperature, surface texture and the availability of a route are distinct features. A thaw may open a frozen waterway while turning a firm snowy surface into slush. Whether a change assists movement depends on the traveller and the route.

== Literary Examples ==

Hans Christian Andersen's ''The Snow Queen'' combines snow and ice with a damaged mirror, altered perception and separation. Splinters from the mirror enter Kay's eye and heart. He later lives in the Snow Queen's frozen surroundings, where Gerda finds him. Her tears reach his heart and melt the ice there. [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1597/1597-h/1597-h.htm Hans Christian Andersen: The Snow Queen]

The story brings together a frozen setting and an image of a frozen heart. This relationship belongs to Andersen's narrative. Other stories can use snow for concealment, play, beauty or shelter without giving it the same significance.

== Idioms ==

* '''On thin ice:''' In a precarious position where another mistake may have serious consequences.
* '''Break the ice:''' Begin an interaction in a way that reduces awkwardness.
* '''Frozen out:''' Excluded from participation or involvement.
* '''Put something on ice:''' Postpone it or suspend its development.
* '''Snowed under:''' Overwhelmed by the quantity of work or demands.
* '''A frosty reception:''' An unfriendly or unwelcoming response.
* '''A cold shoulder:''' Deliberate unfriendliness or disregard.
* '''A thaw in relations:''' A reduction in hostility or distance between people or groups.
* '''The tip of the iceberg:''' The visible part of something much larger.
* '''A snowball effect:''' A process that grows as its results generate further effects.

== Wordplay ==

'''Freeze''' can describe water becoming solid, movement stopping, a computer ceasing to respond or a decision to hold something at its existing level. '''Thaw''' can describe melting and an easing of reserve or hostility. These are different uses of the same words.

== Related Pages ==

[[Lakes]], [[Oceans]], [[Hills and Mountains]], [[Heart]], [[Atmospheres]].

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